Frederick Sanger was a renowned biochemist and is one of only two people to have been awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry twice. After attending The Downs, Sanger studied natural sciences at St John’s College, Cambridge. After obtaining his BA he remained at Cambridge to study for his PhD which focused on the metabolism of the amino acid lysine in the animal body. His first Nobel Prize was awarded in 1958 for his work determining the amino acid sequence of insulin and numerous other proteins, a foundational discovery for molecular biology. His second Nobel Prize came in 1980 for his work with Paul Berg and Walter Gilbert determining the base sequences in nucleic acids and for developing the first ever DNA sequencing technique, which is still in use today. Sanger’s career focused on insulin, RNA and DNA research, and he was awarded numerous other accolades during his lifetime such as Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1963, the Royal Medal in 1969 and he was made Member of the Order of Merit (OM) in 1986.